DT
IB Design Technology
SL · Lesson 53 · Paper 2 Reasoning and Command Terms
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Lesson 53 · Unit 7

Paper 2 —
Reasoning & Command Terms

Turn accurate knowledge into short-answer and extended-response writing that matches the depth of the command term.

80 minutesPaper 2 · 50 marks · 1 h 30 min
Guiding question: How does the command term change what a complete design-technology answer must do?01
Today’s destination

By the end of class, you should be able to…

01

Read the command term

Identify the depth of response before writing.

02

Build evidence chains

Connect design concept → evidence → consequence.

03

Make judgements

Evaluate by weighing strengths and limitations.

04

Use time deliberately

Plan, answer and check instead of writing until time expires.

Success check: Use accurate terminology, then apply it to unfamiliar design contexts.
REVIEW · Paper 2 reasoning02

90 minutes · 50 marks · SL only

Short-answer and extended-response questions can draw from any SL topic in theory, practice or context. AO3 matters as much as knowledge/application overall.

AO1

Know

Facts, terminology, methods and ways of communicating design information.

AO2

Apply

Use knowledge in a specific product, user or design situation.

AO3

Analyse / evaluate

Break down, construct, justify and make reasoned judgements.

Assessment objectives · Paper 203
AO1

Precise recall

LabelAdd a title/brief label to a diagram or graph.
ListGive brief items without explanation.
StateGive a specific brief answer.
AO2

Use knowledge

ApplyUse a concept in the given problem.
DescribeGive a detailed account.
DemonstrateMake clear through reasoning, evidence, examples or practical application.
IdentifySelect/provide the appropriate answer.
OutlineGive a brief account or summary.
PresentOffer information for examination/consideration.
AO3

Reason + judge

AnalyseBreak down to expose structure or key elements.
ConstructDisplay information logically or diagrammatically.
DesignProduce a plan, simulation or model.
EvaluateWeigh strengths and limitations to make an appraisal.
ExplainGive reasons or causes in a detailed account.
JustifySupport a conclusion with valid reasons/evidence.
Command terms · match depth to the verb04

Explain

Show how/why: concept + reason/cause + design consequence.

Justify

Give valid reasons or evidence supporting a choice or conclusion.

Evaluate

Consider strengths and limitations, then make a supported overall judgement.

If the verb asks for a judgement, a list of advantages is not enough.
AO3 · depth of treatment05
1 · Claim

Name the design idea

Use precise terminology.

2 · Context

Apply it

Connect to the user/product/scenario.

3 · Consequence

Explain why it matters

Performance, usability, sustainability, etc.

4 · Judgement

Answer the question

For evaluate/justify, weigh evidence and decide.

Claim → context → consequence → judgement06
Scenario

Adjustable classroom stool

A stool must serve students with different body dimensions during 80-minute design lessons.

Explain why adjustability can be preferable to designing around the 50th percentile.
A complete answer should connect variation in anthropometric data to fit/reach/clearance or posture, then explain how adjustability accommodates a wider user range. Simply stating “more inclusive” is not enough.
A1.1 · explain in context07
Scenario

Redesigning a lunch container

Users report spills, but the designer does not know whether the cause is the latch, the sequence of actions or overfilling.

Justify one primary research method.
Choose a method for a reason. Observation/task analysis could reveal the actual sequence and failure point; interviews could reveal perceptions but may miss behaviour. The justification must match the uncertainty.
A2.1 / B1.1 · justify method choice08
Extended response

Evaluate whether a modular desk lamp is necessarily more sustainable than a sealed lamp.

Define the lens

Sustainability involves social, economic and environmental trade-offs—not one feature.

Evidence for modularity

Repair, upgrade, disassembly and component recovery can extend use.

Counter-evidence

More components/materials, cost or inefficient production may create trade-offs.

Judgement

Conclude conditionally: “more sustainable if…” and name the evidence needed.

C2.1 / C2.2 · evaluate09
DimensionEvidence forEvidence against / limitationDesign judgement
User / socialWho benefits?Who may be excluded?How important?
Product / performanceWhat improves?What trade-off appears?Does it meet the need?
Planet / systemWaste/energy/material benefits?New impacts?Net effect?
EconomicsValue/repair/longevity?Cost/availability?Feasible?
Evaluate = weigh, not advertise10

Definition dump

Correct definitions without applying them to the scenario.

Feature spotting

Naming ergonomics/sustainability without explaining consequences.

One-sided evaluate

Only strengths or only limitations; no balanced appraisal.

No final judgement

Evidence appears, but the response never answers the question.

Turn knowledge into reasoning11
Which response best matches evaluate?
Which response best matches justify?
AO3 · choose the required depth12
1

Underline the verb

What depth is required?

2

Box the context

Which user/product constraints matter?

3

Plan evidence

2–4 design ideas before writing.

4

Check the judgement

Did you actually answer the question?

Paper 2 · write deliberately13
Spring break

When we return, review becomes topic synthesis.

People → Process → Product → integrated product analysis → mini-mock → final Paper 2 synthesis.

Next phase · post-break synthesis14
Exit ticket

Before you leave…

1. Write the difference between explain and evaluate in your own words.
2. Name one command term you under-answer most often.
3. Write one evidence sentence you could use in a design-response paragraph.
Next lesson

People, Users & Responsibility — Synthesis

Keep the retrieval loop moving: recall → apply → check → correct → revisit.

Curriculum alignment
SL Paper 2: 1 hour 30 minutes, 50 marks, short-answer and extended-response questions on SL material only. Command-term glossary grouped under AO1, AO2 and AO3; Paper 2 tests AO1+AO2 and AO3 approximately equally.
Lesson complete15 slides
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IB Design Technology SL · Lesson 5315